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Physics

‘Running of the bulls’ festival crowds move like charged particles

Researchers have studied the movements of thousands of people waiting for the opening of the San Fermín festival and found they behave like electrons circling in a magnetic field

By Karmela Padavic-Callaghan

19 March 2024

People run from bulls in Pamplona, Spain

Crowds at the San Fermín festival in Pamplona during the famous bull run

Migel/Shutterstock

People in a very dense crowd move in small circular “orbits”, like charged particles moving in a magnetic field. The unexpected discovery may help lead to improved mathematical descriptions of dense crowds, which could help us better understand why crowds sometimes move in a way that can lead to people being injured.

Denis Bartolo at ENS de Lyon in France and his colleagues studied videos of the dense crowds that form at the opening of the…

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